PLA vs ABS for 3D Printing: Which is Better and When to Use Each

3D printing has exploded in popularity over the last decade, with the two most common materials used being PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Both have advantages and disadvantages, making the choice between PLA and ABS highly dependent on the application. This comprehensive guide examines the key differences between PLA vs ABS to help you determine which is better for your next 3D printing project.

Key Differences Between PLA and ABS

Ease of Printing

PLA is significantly easier to print with compared to ABS. PLA can be printed at lower temperatures, does not require a heated print bed, and has little warping. This makes it better for beginner 3D printer users. ABS printing requires higher temperatures, usually needs a heated print bed to prevent warping, and can be more challenging to get good first layer adhesion.

Strength

ABS is stronger than PLA and has higher impact resistance. ABS has a tensile strength around 45 MPa while PLA is usually 35-40 MPa. The layer adhesion of ABS also withstands impacts better than PLA. For functional prints that need mechanical strength, ABS is generally the better choice.

Temperature Resistance

ABS has a higher glass transition temperature (105°C vs. 60-65°C for PLA), meaning it maintains its stiffness and shape at higher temperatures. Prints made from ABS can withstand hot car interiors and higher temperatures overall compared to PLA.

UV Resistance

ABS holds up better to UV exposure over time than PLA. PLA will become brittle and degrade faster than ABS when exposed to sunlight over months or years. For outdoor use, ABS is more durable.

Flexibility

PLA is a more rigid material while ABS has some flexibility. This gives ABS higher impact resistance, but PLA can produce finer details in prints since it resists bending and warping as much.

Material Properties

ABS is tougher and more durable than PLA. It also sands and machines better if any post-print processing is required. However, PLA generally provides better print quality with smoother surfaces.

Key Factors When Choosing Between PLA and ABS

Printer Capabilities

Not all 3D printers can use both PLA and ABS. Printers without heated beds will be limited to only using PLA. Check your printer specs and temperature capabilities when deciding on materials. Entry-level printers often can only print PLA, while higher-end ones can use both.

Environment

Both PLA and ABS produce some harmful fumes during printing, but ABS significantly more so. PLA is made from corn or sugarcane, so it is more environmentally friendly. If you need to print in an office or room with limited ventilation, PLA would be the better choice over ABS.

Desired Properties

Consider the end-use of your print. If you need temperature resistance and durability for functional prints, choose ABS. If you want smoother surface finish and finer details, go with PLA. The layer bonding of ABS makes it preferable for mechanical parts, while PLA works better for decorative pieces.

Color Options

PLA is available in a much wider range of colors and finishes compared to ABS. From transparent to glittery to wood-filled varieties, PLA has vastly more aesthetic options. ABS does come in basic colors like red, blue, black, white, etc. but has limited specialty options.

Post-Processing

ABS holds paint and vapor treatments better than PLA, since ABS is more chemically resistant. Sanding ABS also produces smoother results due to its more flexible layers. If you plan on painting or smoothing the print surface after, ABS can achieve better post-processing results.

Recommended Uses for Each Material

Best Applications for PLA

• Concept models, prototypes
• Hobbyist printing
• Decorative or art pieces
• Snap-fit parts, living hinges
• Low-temperature uses

Best Applications for ABS

• Functional parts that need durability
• Mechanical components, machine parts
• Automotive components (interior)
• Prototypes needing sanded or machined
• Outdoor uses where UV resistance is necessary

Tips for 3D Printing With PLA and ABS

PLA Printing Tips

• Print bed temperature 50-60°C
• Nozzle temperature 190-230°C
• Use glue, tape, PEI, or BuildTak print surface
• Slow down print speed for complex models
• Minimal cooling fans needed
• Avoid high ambient temperatures

ABS Printing Tips

• Print bed temperature 90-110°C
• Nozzle temperature 220-255°C
• Enclosed print chamber recommended
• Heated build plate required
• Slow initial print layers to maximize adhesion
• Use Kapton tape or ABS/acetone slurry for bed adhesion
• Cooling fans absolutely necessary

Conclusion

In summary, ABS is stronger and more heat and UV resistant but requires more optimized print settings. PLA is easier to print and has more aesthetic options but less durability for mechanical uses. The ideal material comes down to the requirements of the application and the capabilities of your 3D printer. Both PLA and ABS have a role in 3D printing. Understanding the differences allows you to select the right material for each project and leverage the unique advantages of each.